Ionic liquid Intercalation NMR Cycle performance Li-ion batteries Electrochemistry Nickel oxide Ionogels Cyclic voltammetry Anodes Coating Magnetron sputtering GGA+U Lithium battery Porous silicon Activated carbon Diazonium chemistry Chemical vapor deposition Lithium-ion batteries Graphite Impedance spectroscopy Microstructure Electrode material Lithium ion battery Fe Cycling stability Anode Electrochemical performance Supercapacitor Photovoltaics Grafting Electrical conductivity Lithium-ion battery Li-ion battery MAS NMR SOFC Operando Supercapacitors Binder Fuel cell Interface Perovskite Silicon Organic electrode materials Sputtering Ionic conductivity Vanadium nitride Cations Degradation Fermi contact Electrochemical capacitors Microdevice Microbatteries Diazonium Lithium ion batteries Pseudocapacitance Electrochemical electrodes Electrode Failure mechanism Capacitance Micro-supercapacitor CO2 electrolysis Power performance MnO2 Diazonium salts Thin films Positive electrode LiFePO4 DFT calculations Physical and chemical processes Exsolution EIS Titanium nitride FIB/SEM Electrodes FeWO 4 Micro-supercapacitors Raman spectroscopy Crystal structure DFT Organic batteries Manganese dioxide Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Electrolyte Negative electrode Current collector Aqueous electrolyte CVD Batteries Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Ionic liquid electrolytes Lithium batteries Energy storage XPS Graphene Organic battery Electrolytes Electrochemical capacitor Plasma Transition metals