En effet, lesétats antiferromagnétiquesétant des superpositions antisymmétriques d'états, le couplage par micro-ondes (qui lui est un opérateur symmtrique) vers cesétats est inhibé, alors que le couplage vers de? etats ferromagnétiques est augmenté. Ceci explique pourquoi les ferromagnétiques ont puêtre observés sur notre plateforme et pas les antiferromagnétiques. Cette observation expérimentale aété confirmée par une simulation numérique, montrant qu'il faudrait des variations temporelles d'Hamiltonien environ dix fois plus longues pour atteindre l'état antiferromagnétique du fait de ce couplage inhibé. Ceséchelles de temps ne sont pour l'instant pas accessibles sur notre plateforme. Néanmoins, il nous aété possible d'observer des corrélations de type antiferromagnétique dans une matrice carréeà 16 atomes, comportant deux genres de liens du fait de l'anisotropie de l'interaction dipôle-dipôle : des liens verticaux ferromagnétiques et horizontaux antiferromagnétiques. Nous avons ainsi observé une phase comportant des chaînes verticales ferromagnétiques anti-alignées deux-à-deux, sur les chaînes d'atomesétudiées précédemment, nous avons pu oberver les corrélations caractéristiques d'un ferromagnétique XY, mais pas celles d'un antiferromagnétique ,
, Vers de la matière topologiqueà deux dimensions
, En utilisantà nouveau la base comportant deux niveaux de Rydberg de parité différente, si l'on prépare un des atomes dans l'état excité, cette excitation va passer d'un atomeà l'autre sous l'effet de l'interaction dipolaire résonnante. Cet effet, qu'on appelleéchange de spins, permet d'étudierà l'aide d'atomes de Rydberg les phénomènes de transport, Chapitre 6 Ce dernier chapitre traite de l'émergence d'un champ de jauge pour les excitations portées par les atomes de Rydberg
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