Radioactivity control strategy for the JUNO detector

Angel Abusleme , Thomas Adam , Shakeel Ahmad , Rizwan Ahmed , Sebastiano Aiello , Muhammad Akram , Fengpeng An , Qi An , Giuseppe Andronico , Nikolay Anfimov , Vito Antonelli , Tatiana Antoshkina , Burin Asavapibhop , João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André (1) , Didier Auguste , Andrej Babic , Wander Baldini , Andrea Barresi , Davide Basilico , Eric Baussan (1) , Marco Bellato , Antonio Bergnoli , Thilo Birkenfeld , Sylvie Blin , David Blum , Simon Blyth , Anastasia Bolshakova , Mathieu Bongrand , Clément Bordereau (2) , Dominique Breton , Augusto Brigatti , Riccardo Brugnera , Riccardo Bruno , Antonio Budano , Mario Buscemi , Jose Busto (3) , Ilya Butorov , Anatael Cabrera (4) , Hao Cai , Xiao Cai , Yanke Cai , Zhiyan Cai , Antonio Cammi , Agustin Campeny , Chuanya Cao , Guofu Cao , Jun Cao , Rossella Caruso , Cédric Cerna (2) , Jinfan Chang , Yun Chang , Pingping Chen , Po-An Chen , Shaomin Chen , Xurong Chen , Yi-Wen Chen , Yixue Chen , Yu Chen , Zhang Chen , Jie Cheng , Yaping Cheng , Alexey Chetverikov , Davide Chiesa , Pietro Chimenti , Artem Chukanov , Gérard Claverie (2) , Catia Clementi , Barbara Clerbaux , Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo , Daniele Corti , Oliviero Cremonesi , Flavio Dal Corso , Olivia Dalager , Christophe de La Taille , Jiawei Deng , Zhi Deng , Ziyan Deng , Wilfried Depnering , Marco Diaz , Xuefeng Ding , Yayun Ding , Bayu Dirgantara , Sergey Dmitrievsky , Tadeas Dohnal , Dmitry Dolzhikov , Georgy Donchenko , Jianmeng Dong , Evgeny Doroshkevich , Marcos Dracos (1) , Frédéric Druillole (2) , Shuxian Du , Stefano Dusini , Martin Dvorak , Timo Enqvist , Heike Enzmann , Andrea Fabbri , Lukas Fajt , Donghua Fan , Lei Fan , Jian Fang , Wenxing Fang , Marco Fargetta , Dmitry Fedoseev , Vladko Fekete , Li-Cheng Feng , Qichun Feng , Richard Ford , Andrey Formozov , Amélie Fournier (2) , Haonan Gan , Feng Gao , Alberto Garfagnini , Marco Giammarchi , Agnese Giaz , Nunzio Giudice , Maxim Gonchar , Guanghua Gong , Hui Gong , Yuri Gornushkin , Alexandre Göttel , Marco Grassi , Christian Grewing , Vasily Gromov , Minghao Gu , Xiaofei Gu , Yu Gu , Mengyun Guan , Nunzio Guardone , Maria Gul , Cong Guo , Jingyuan Guo , Wanlei Guo , Xinheng Guo , Yuhang Guo , Paul Hackspacher , Caren Hagner , Ran Han , Yang Han , Muhammad Sohaib Hassan , Miao He , Wei He , Tobias Heinz , Patrick Hellmuth (2) , Yuekun Heng , Rafael Herrera , Yuenkeung Hor , Shaojing Hou , Yee Hsiung , Bei-Zhen Hu , Hang Hu , Jianrun Hu , Jun Hu , Shouyang Hu , Tao Hu , Zhuojun Hu , Chunhao Huang , Guihong Huang , Hanxiong Huang , Wenhao Huang , Xin Huang , Xingtao Huang , Yongbo Huang , Jiaqi Hui , Lei Huo , Wenju Huo , Cédric Huss (2) , Safeer Hussain , Ara Ioannisian , Roberto Isocrate , Beatrice Jelmini , Kuo-Lun Jen , Ignacio Jeria , Xiaolu Ji , Xingzhao Ji , Huihui Jia , Junji Jia , Siyu Jian , Di Jiang , Xiaoshan Jiang , Ruyi Jin , Xiaoping Jing , Cécile Jollet (2) , Jari Joutsenvaara , Sirichok Jungthawan , Leonidas Kalousis (1) , Philipp Kampmann , Li Kang , Rebin Karaparambil , Narine Kazarian , Waseem Khan , Khanchai Khosonthongkee , Denis Korablev , Konstantin Kouzakov , Alexey Krasnoperov , Andre Kruth , Nikolay Kutovskiy , Pasi Kuusiniemi , Tobias Lachenmaier , Cecilia Landini , Sébastien Leblanc (2) , Victor Lebrin , Frederic Lefevre , Ruiting Lei , Rupert Leitner , Jason Leung , Demin Li , Fei Li , Fule Li , Haitao Li , Huiling Li , Jiaqi Li , Mengzhao Li , Min Li , Nan Li , Qingjiang Li , Ruhui Li , Shanfeng Li , Tao Li , Weidong Li , Weiguo Li , Xiaomei Li , Xiaonan Li , Xinglong Li , Yi Li , Yufeng Li , Zhaohan Li , Zhibing Li , Ziyuan Li , Hao Liang , Jiajun Liao , Daniel Liebau , Ayut Limphirat , Sukit Limpijumnong , Guey-Lin Lin , Shengxin Lin , Tao Lin , Jiajie Ling , Ivano Lippi , Fang Liu , Haidong Liu , Hongbang Liu , Hongjuan Liu , Hongtao Liu , Hui Liu , Jianglai Liu , Jinchang Liu , Min Liu , Qian Liu , Qin Liu , Runxuan Liu , Shuangyu Liu , Shubin Liu , Shulin Liu , Xiaowei Liu , Xiwen Liu , Yan Liu , Yunzhe Liu , Alexey Lokhov , Paolo Lombardi , Claudio Lombardo , Kai Loo , Chuan Lu , Haoqi Lu , Jingbin Lu , Junguang Lu , Shuxiang Lu , Xiaoxu Lu , Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev , Sultim Lubsandorzhiev , Livia Ludhova , Fengjiao Luo , Guang Luo , Pengwei Luo , Shu Luo , Wuming Luo , Vladimir Lyashuk , Bangzheng Ma , Qiumei Ma , Si Ma , Xiaoyan Ma , Xubo Ma , Jihane Maalmi , Yury Malyshkin , Fabio Mantovani , Francesco Manzali , Xin Mao , Yajun Mao , Stefano M. 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Naumov , Elena Naumova , Diana Navas-Nicolas , Igor Nemchenok , Minh Thuan Nguyen Thi , Feipeng Ning , Zhe Ning , Hiroshi Nunokawa , Lothar Oberauer , Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux , Alexander Olshevskiy , Domizia Orestano , Fausto Ortica , Rainer Othegraven , Hsiao-Ru Pan , Alessandro Paoloni , Sergio Parmeggiano , Yatian Pei , Nicomede Pelliccia , Anguo Peng , Haiping Peng , Frédéric Perrot (2) , Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean , Fabrizio Petrucci , Oliver Pilarczyk , Luis Felipe Piñeres Rico (1) , Artyom Popov , Pascal Poussot (1) , Wathan Pratumwan , Ezio Previtali , Fazhi Qi , Ming Qi , Sen Qian , Xiaohui Qian , Zhen Qian , Hao Qiao , Zhonghua Qin , Shoukang Qiu , Muhammad Usman Rajput , Gioacchino Ranucci , Neill Raper , Alessandra Re , Henning Rebber , Abdel Rebii (2) , Bin Ren , Jie Ren , Barbara Ricci , Markus Robens , Mathieu Roche (2) , Narongkiat Rodphai , Aldo Romani , Bedřich Roskovec , Christian Roth , Xiangdong Ruan , Xichao Ruan , Saroj Rujirawat , Arseniy Rybnikov , Andrey Sadovsky , Paolo Saggese , Simone Sanfilippo , Anut Sangka , Nuanwan Sanguansak , Utane Sawangwit , Julia Sawatzki , Fatma Sawy , Michaela Schever , Cédric Schwab (1) , Konstantin Schweizer , Alexandr Selyunin , Andrea Serafini , Giulio Settanta , Mariangela Settimo (5) , Zhuang Shao , Vladislav Sharov , Arina Shaydurova , Jingyan Shi , Yanan Shi , Vitaly Shutov , Andrey Sidorenkov , Fedor Šimkovic , Chiara Sirignano , Jaruchit Siripak , Monica Sisti , Maciej Slupecki , Mikhail Smirnov , Oleg Smirnov , Thiago Sogo-Bezerra , Sergey Sokolov , Julanan Songwadhana , Boonrucksar Soonthornthum , Albert Sotnikov , Ondřej Šrámek , Warintorn Sreethawong , Achim Stahl , Luca Stanco , Konstantin Stankevich , Dušan Štefánik , Hans Steiger , Jochen Steinmann , Tobias Sterr , Matthias Raphael Stock , Virginia Strati , Alexander Studenikin , Shifeng Sun , Xilei Sun , Yongjie Sun , Yongzhao Sun , Narumon Suwonjandee , Michal Szelezniak (1) , Jian Tang , Qiang Tang , Quan Tang , Xiao Tang , Alexander Tietzsch , Igor Tkachev , Tomas Tmej , Konstantin Treskov , Andrea Triossi (1) , Giancarlo Troni , Wladyslaw Trzaska , Cristina Tuve , Nikita Ushakov , Johannes van Den Boom , Stefan van Waasen , Guillaume Vanroyen , Nikolaos Vassilopoulos , Vadim Vedin , Giuseppe Verde , Maxim Vialkov , Benoit Viaud , Moritz Vollbrecht , Cristina Volpe , Vit Vorobel , Dmitriy Voronin , Lucia Votano , Pablo Walker , Caishen Wang , Chung-Hsiang Wang , En Wang , Guoli Wang , Jian Wang , Jun Wang , Kunyu Wang , Lu Wang , Meifen Wang , Meng Wang , Ruiguang Wang , Siguang Wang , Wei Wang , Wenshuai Wang , Xi Wang , Xiangyue Wang , Yangfu Wang , Yaoguang Wang , Yi Wang , Yifang Wang , Yuanqing Wang , Yuman Wang , Zhe Wang , Zheng Wang , Zhimin Wang , Zongyi Wang , Muhammad Waqas , Apimook Watcharangkool , Lianghong Wei , Wei Wei , Wenlu Wei , Yadong Wei , Liangjian Wen , Christopher Wiebusch , Steven Chan-Fai Wong , Bjoern Wonsak , Diru Wu , Fangliang Wu , Qun Wu , Zhi Wu , Michael Wurm , Jacques Wurtz (1) , Christian Wysotzki , Yufei Xi , Dongmei Xia , Xiaochuan Xie , Yuguang Xie , Zhangquan Xie , Zhizhong Xing , Benda Xu , Cheng Xu , Donglian Xu , Fanrong Xu , Hangkun Xu , Jilei Xu , Jing Xu , Meihang Xu , Yin Xu , Yu Xu , Baojun Yan , Taylor Yan , Wenqi Yan , Xiongbo Yan , Yupeng Yan , Anbo Yang , Changgen Yang , Chengfeng Yang , Huan Yang , Jie Yang , Lei Yang , Xiaoyu Yang , Yifan Yang , Haifeng Yao , Zafar Yasin , Jiaxuan Ye , Mei Ye , Ziping Ye , Ugur Yegin , Frédéric Yermia (5) , Peihuai Yi , Na Yin , Xiangwei Yin , Zhengyun You , Boxiang Yu , Chiye Yu , Chunxu Yu , Hongzhao Yu , Miao Yu , Xianghui Yu , Zeyuan Yu , Zezhong Yu , Chengzhuo Yuan , Ying Yuan , Zhenxiong Yuan , Ziyi Yuan , Baobiao Yue , Noman Zafar , Andre Zambanini , Vitalii Zavadskyi , Shan Zeng , Tingxuan Zeng , Yuda Zeng , Liang Zhan , Aiqiang Zhang , Feiyang Zhang , Guoqing Zhang , Haiqiong Zhang , Honghao Zhang , Jiawen Zhang , Jie Zhang , Jin Zhang , Jingbo Zhang , Jinnan Zhang , Peng Zhang , Qingmin Zhang , Shiqi Zhang , Shu Zhang , Tao Zhang , Xiaomei Zhang , Xuantong Zhang , Xueyao Zhang , Yan Zhang , Yinhong Zhang , Yiyu Zhang , Yongpeng Zhang , Yuanyuan Zhang , Yumei Zhang , Zhenyu Zhang , Zhijian Zhang , Fengyi Zhao , Jie Zhao , Rong Zhao , Shujun Zhao , Tianchi Zhao , Dongqin Zheng , Hua Zheng , Minshan Zheng , Yangheng Zheng , Weirong Zhong , Jing Zhou , Li Zhou , Nan Zhou , Shun Zhou , Tong Zhou , Xiang Zhou , Jiang Zhu , Kangfu Zhu , Kejun Zhu , Zhihang Zhu , Bo Zhuang , Honglin Zhuang , Liang Zong , Jiaheng Zou

1 IPHC - Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien
2 CENBG - Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan
3 CPPM - Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille
4 IJCLab - Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie
5 SUBATECH - Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées

JUNO is a massive liquid scintillator detector with a primary scientific goal of determining the neutrino mass ordering by studying the oscillated anti-neutrino flux coming from two nuclear power plants at 53 km distance. The expected signal anti-neutrino interaction rate is only 60 counts per day, therefore a careful control of the background sources due to radioactivity is critical. In particular, natural radioactivity present in all materials and in the environment represents a serious issue that could impair the sensitivity of the experiment if appropriate countermeasures were not foreseen. In this paper we discuss the background reduction strategies undertaken by the JUNO collaboration to reduce at minimum the impact of natural radioactivity. We describe our efforts for an optimized experimental design, a careful material screening and accurate detector production handling, and a constant control of the expected results through a meticulous Monte Carlo simulation program. We show that all these actions should allow us to keep the background count rate safely below the target value of 10 Hz in the default fiducial volume, above an energy threshold of 0.7 MeV.

Keywords: Neutrino Detectors and Telescopes (experiments)

Domains: High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]

Angel Abusleme, Thomas Adam, Shakeel Ahmad, Rizwan Ahmed, Sebastiano Aiello, et al.. Radioactivity control strategy for the JUNO detector. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2021, 11, pp.102. ⟨10.1007/JHEP11(2021)102⟩. ⟨hal-03383299⟩